DA LI SE SMANJILA AKTIVNOST RESPIRATORNOG SINCICIJALNOG VIRUSA TOKOM COVID-19 PANDEMIJE?
Ključne reči:
respiratorni sincicijalni virus, bronhiolitis, epidemiologija, pandemija COVID-19Apstrakt
Uvod. Respiratorni sincicijalni virus (RSV) је najznačniji uzročnik akutnih respiratornih bolesti, prvenstveno bronhiolitisa, kod dece u najranijem uzrastu. Pandemija COVID-19 je značajno promenila epidemiologiju drugih virusnih respiratornih bolesti uključujući i RSV infekcije.
Cilj. Cilj našeg istraživanja bio je da ispitamo da li je tokom pandemije COVID-19 došlo do statistički značajnog pada broja obolele odojčadi i male dece od virusnih bronhiolitisa.
Metode. Kriterijumi za učešće u ovoj retrospektivnoj studiji podrazumevali su ispitanike uzrasta od 1-24 meseca koji su se zbog respiratornih tegoba javljali kod izabranog pedijatra u periodu od 01.01.2019. godine do 31.12.2022. godine. Ispitanike smo svrstali u četiri grupe po kalendarskim godinama: 2019., 2020., 2021. i 2022. godina i u svakoj godini smo izdvojili decu sa simptomima bronhiolitisa od ukupnog broja dece sa respiratornim tegobama. Dijagnoza bronhiolitisa postavljena je klinički. Dobijeni podaci obrađeni su kompjuterskim programom za statističku analizu podataka (SPSS, verzija 20), a koristili smo Hi-kvadratni test za nivo značajnosti p≤0,001.
Rezultati. Ukupan broj ispitanika za četiri godine bio je 3645, a kod 687-oro odojčadi je postavljena dijagnoza akutnog bronhiolitisa. Po kalendarskim godinama, 2019. godine obolelo je 214, 2020. godine bilo ih je 172-oje, 2021. godine 45-oro, a 2022. godine 256 obolelih. Hi-kvadratnim testom za nivo značajnosti p≤0,001 uporedili smo distribuciju obolelih od bronhiolitisa u ispitivanim kalendarskim godinama i utvrdili da je tokom 2021. godine postojalo statistički značajno manje obolelih u odnosu na ostale godine.
Zaključak. Pandemija COVID-19 je značajno promenila epidemiologiju drugih virusnih respiratornih bolesti uključujući i RSV infekcije. U nedostatku uspešnih i licenciranih vakcina, rano otkrivanje obolelih i sprovođenje opštih higijenskih mera uz epidemiološki nadzor su jedini način da se broj obolelih od RSV infekcije smanji, a tokom pandemije COVID-19 se to dogodilo.
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