KAŠALJ I KADA JE PREVENCIJA MOGUĆA?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46793/PP160708007VKljučne reči:
kašalj, deca, prevencijaApstrakt
U pedijatrijskoj populaciji, kašalj je ubedljivo najčešći simptom i znak odgovora respiratorne sluznice na različite agense. Kašalj je zaštitni , odbrambeni refleksni mehanizam, kojim se obezbeđuje čišćenje i prolaznost disajnih puteva, pomaže evakuisanje nakupljenog sekreta ili stranog tela, iritanasa i patogenih čestica iz disajnih puteva. Značaj odbrambene funkcije kašlja i primer sniženih odgovora receptora na kašalj, vidi se u bolestima u kojima je kašalj neefikasan, gde je senzitivnost refleksa snižena, zbog bolesti kao što su generalizovane mišićne distrofije, traheobronhomalacija, disfunkcija larinksa. Vrlo je važno postaviti dijagnozu bolesti, koja je uzrok kašlju i lečiti naravno, osnovnu bolest. Detaljna anamneza, klinički pregled i adekvatna ispitivanja neophodni su za uvodjenje ciljane terapije. Kod velikog broja bolesnika, kašalj je posledica više udruženih bolesti, od kojih su u najvećem broju zastupljeni postinfektivna bronhijalna preosetljivost, astma i postanazalno slivanje sekreta , gastro-ezofagealni reflux. Kašalj je koristan refleksni mehanizam, u većini slučajeva ne treba ga suzbijati i lečiti. Sam po sebi, kašalj nije bolest, ali ako se javlja često, dugo traje, ometa aktivnosti , treba ga proceniti adekvatno i koliko god je moguće prema uzroku lečiti. Prevencija kašlja koji se karakteriše kao patološki podrazumeva: opšte mere prevencije, vakcinaciju, hemioprofilaksu, imunoterapiju, mere kontrole sredine i izbegavanje alergena i zagađivača, primena simptomatskih mera i biljnih preparata.
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