NAPREDAK U BORBI PROTIV POLIJA - ERADIKACIJA JOS OSTAJE IZAZOV
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46793/PP160526005DKljučne reči:
deca, polio virus, vakcinacijaApstrakt
Polio virusi spadaju u grupu entero virusa, prenose se sa osobe na osobu direktno ili feko-oralnim putem. Kako su ljudi jedini rezervoar polio virusa, eradikacija je vakcinacijom teorijski moguća. 1988. godine na 41. sednici Svetske Zdravstvene Organizacije (SZO) doneta je odluka o Globalnoj Eradikaciji Polija - the Global Initiative for Polio Eradication (GIPE) koja je imala za cilj eradikaciju polija do 2000. Godine. Prema podacima Centra za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti ovaj cilj još uvek nije ostvaren, iako je incidenca polija značajno smanjena sa 350 hiljada slučajeva u preko 125 endemskih zemalja na svega 400 slučajeva u tri endemske zemlje (Aganistan, Nigerija, Pakistan) 2000. godine. U Srbiji je poslednji slučaj divljeg polija zabeležen 1997. godine. U cilju iskorenjavanja dečije paralize koriste se dve vrste vakcina (inaktivisana i živa). Iako su studije kliničke efikasnosti i imunogensti pokazale prednost žive-oralne polio vakcine, iz bezbednostnih razloga danas se sve više koristi inaktivisana vakcina (nema rizika od vakcinom povezanog poliomijelitisa). I pored dostupnih vakcina i velikih napora, kao i brojnih kampanja u cilju eradikacije polija cilj još uvek nije ostvaren, u nerazvijen zemljama zbog nedostupnosti vakcina, a u razvijenim zemljama zbog sve većeg broja roditelja koji odbijaju vakcinaciju.
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