THE PLANNING OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES FOR OVERVEIGHT/OBESE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: PRINCIPLES, GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46793/PP180305004RKeywords:
obesity, physical activity, children, adolescentAbstract
Within the structure of the "new morbidity" of the young population in modern societies, obesity, in addition to psychoactive substances abuse, reproductive health disorders, violence and injuries, is the leading cause of morbidity in adolescents. Regular physical activity should be an integral part of everyday life, in combination with proper nutrition. Especially during adolescence, physical activity plays an important role in physical, social and mental development.
Two main principles in the planning of the physical activity for overweight/obese children and adolescents are: creating positive experiences through various forms of the physical activity and involving physical activity in everyday life.
General guidelines for the planning of physical activity for overweight/obese children and adolescents include: daily frequency, moderate to high intensity, duration of 60 minutes or more, incremental increase of 10% per week and reduction in sedative activities during free time (TV, PC, Internet) to less than two hours per day.
The most common recommendations in planning of the physical activity for overweight/obese children and adolescents includes different aerobic exercises which should last at least 15 minutes. However, overweight acts as an aggravating factor during aerobic physical activity of moderate to high intensity (e.g. running and ball games), and in addition, it increases the risk of musculoskeletal injuries that is classified as overload syndromes. Therefore, during the past few years, resistance training is recommended to this health-risk group, as a type of exercise that demonstrate a potentially positive effect on their physical and mental health. Positive social experiences of overweight/obese young people during resistance exercise can increase their individual self-control ability, self-esteem and inner motivation for exercise.
Elementary schools, secondary schools and universities are probably the most suitable places to promote physical activity patterns and the proper nutrition, and also provide opportunities for the involvement of parents and the community.
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