UPDATE ON FOOD ALLERGIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46793/PP190212005RKeywords:
food allergy, urticaria, skin prick testAbstract
Food allergy has been defined as adverse reaction to food in which “immunological mechanism have been demonstrated”. The clinical presentation of food allergy involves a large spectrum of symptoms ranging from skin like urticaria, angioedema, atopic eczema, dermatitis, gastrointestinal (vomiting, colic, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation), respiratory (rhinorrhea, sneezing, cough, dyspnea). According to a recent review the point prevalence of self-reported food allergy is approximately six times higher than challenge food allergy. A proper diagnosis is necessary for a sufficient and safe management. The core stone of diagnosis of food allergy is a careful dietary history. Mostly food allergies are self reported, but also a great number of tests are available. The most widely used tests for food allergies diagnosis are: skin prick tests (SPT), specific IgE (sIgE), component resolved diagnosis (CRD) and the atopy patch test (APT). Besides food avoidance there is also growing interest in the effectiveness of potential immunomodulatory treatment approaches, including sublingual and oral immunotherapy to induce tolerance, particularly for peanut allergy.
References
Prescott SL. A global survey of changing patterns of food allergy burden in children. WAO Journal 2013; 6: 21.https://doi.org/10.1186/1939-4551-
Jackson KD, Howie LD, Akinbami LJ. Trends in allergic conditions among children: United States, 1997-2011. NCHS Data Brief 2013; 5(121): 1-8.PMID: 23742874.
Grimshaw KEC, Bryant T, Oliver EM, et al. Incidence and risk factors for food hypersensitivity in UK infants: Results from a birth cohort study. Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6: 1.doi.org/10.1186/s13601-016-0089-8
Food allergy in under 19s: Diagnosis and management NICE guideline. Reference available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG116/chapter/1-Guidance Accessed 01/10/2016
Nwaru BI, Hickstein L, Panesar SS, Muraro A, Werfel T, Cardona V et al. The epidemiology of food allergy in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy 2014;69:62- 75. doi: 10.1111/all.1230
Filipović I., i sar. Alergija na hranu. NČ urgent medic HALO 194, 2012;18(3):140-145
Tang ML, Mullins RJ. Food allergy: is prevalence increasing? Intern Med J. 2017 Mar;47(3):256-261.doi: 10.1111/imj.1336
Muraro A, Halken S, Arshad S, Beyer K, Dubois AE, Du Toit G et al. EAACI Food Allergy and Prevention Guidelines: Primary prevention of food allergy. Allergy 2014;69:590-601.doi: 10.1111/all.1239
Johansson SG, Bieber T, Dahl R, Friedmann PS, Lanier BQ, Lockey RF ,et al: A revised nomenclature for allergy for global use: Report of the Nomenclature Review Comittee of World Allergy Organization, October 2003. J Allergy Clin Immu- nol 2004;113:832-836.DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.12.591
Savage J1, Johns CB2.Food allergy: epidemiology and natural history. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2015 Feb;35(1):45-59. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2014.09.004. Epub 2014 Nov 21.
Turnbull JL, Adams HN, Gorard DA. Review article: the diagnosis and management of food allergy and food intolerances. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Jan;41(1):3-25.doi: 10.1111/apt.1298
Mims JW. Current concepts: diagnosis and management of food allergy in children.Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 Jun;24(3):250-5.doi: 10.1097/ MOO.00000000000002
Brandström J, Glaumann S, Vetander M, Nilsson C.[New perspectives on the diagnosis and treatment of food allergies in children].Lakartidningen. 2014.
Maloney JM, Rudengren M, Ahlstedt S, et al. The use of serum specific IgE measurements for the diagnosis of peanut, tree nutand seed allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122: 145-51.
de Silva D, Geromi M, Panesar SS, Muraro A, Werfel T, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K et al. Acute and long-term management of food allergy: systematic review. Allergy 2014;69:159-167.doi: 10.1111/all.12314
Wang J, Sampson HA. Treatments for food allergy: how close are we? Immunol Res 2012;54:83-94.
Devdas JM, Mckie C, Fox AT, Ratageri VH. Food Allergy in Children: An Overview. Indian J Pediatr. 2018 May;85(5):369-374. doi: 10.1007/s12098-017-2535-6. Epub 2017 Nov 17.
Du Toit G, Foong RX, Lack G. The role of dietary interventions in the prevention of IgE-mediated food allergy in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2017 May;28(3):222-229.doi: 10.1111/pai.12711
Helyeh S, David L, Gary S. Advances in the Management of Food Allergy in Children.Curr Pediatr Rev. 2018;14(3):150-155.doi: 10.2174/ 1573396314666180508164224
Ho MH, Wong WH, Chang C.Clinical spectrum of food allergies: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2014 Jun;46(3):225-40.doi: 10.1007/s12016-012- 8339-6.
Anagnostou Islam S. Assessing the efficacy of oral immunotherapy for the desensitisation of peanut allergy in children (STOP II); A phase 2 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2014; 383(9925): 1297-304.doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62301-6.
Jones SM, Pons L, Roberts JL, et al. Clinical efficacy and immune regulation with peanut immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124(2): 292-300.doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.05.022.
Blumchen K, Ulbricht H, Staden U, et al. Oral peanut immunotherapy in children with peanut anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126(1): 83-91.doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.04.030.
Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: clinical immunologic evidence of desensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127(3): 640-6.doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.
Turner PJ, Southern J, Andrews NJ, et al. Safety of live attenuated influenza vaccine in young people with egg allergy: Multicentre prospective cohort study. BMJ 2015; 351: h6291.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h6291;
Turner PJ, Southern J, Andrews NJ, et al. Safety of live attenuated influenza vaccine in atopic children with egg allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136(2): 376-81.
Reference found at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/ system/uploads/attachment_data/file/456568/2904394_Green_ Book_Chapter_19_v10_0.pdfpdf accessed 01/11/2016
