INFEKCIJA SARS COV-2 U NEONATALNOM UZRASTU

Autori

  • Ivana Filipović
  • Zorica Živković KBC „Dr Dragiša Mišović“, Bolnica za dečje plućne bolesti i TB, Beograd, Srbija , Farmaceutski fakultet Novi Sad, Privredna akdemija u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad, Srbija
  • Snežana Zdjelar KBC “Dr Dragiša Mišović”, Bolnica za ginekologiju i akušerstvo, Beograd, Srbija
  • Olivera Ostojić KBC „Dr Dragiša Mišović“, Bolnica za dečje plućne bolesti i TB, Beograd, Srbija
  • Slađana Mihajlović KBC “Dr Dragiša Mišović”, Bolnica za ginekologiju i akušerstvo, Beograd, Srbija, Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija

Ključne reči:

novorođenče, COVID19, imunski sistem

Apstrakt

SARS-CoV-2 pandemija je opteretila zdravstveni sistem, ostavila katastrofalne ekonomske posledice na globalnom nivou, poremetila društvene strukture, u svim a posebno u nezazvijenim i zemljama u razvoju. Na svu sreću COVID19 kod dece ostaje manje ozbiljan problem nego kod odrasle populacije. Prema dosadašnjim epidemiološkim podacima samo 2% populacije mlađe od 18.godina je imalo ozbiljne forme infekcije  virusom SARS-CoV-2.  Imuni sistem novorođenčadi, odojčadi, male dece, predškolske dece i adolescenata nije istovetan. Pored imunskog odgovora I drugi parametri karakterišu COVID19 u neonatalnom uzrastu I uslovljavaju razlike u odnosu na adultnu populaciju (komorbiditeti, nivo vitamina D, izmenjena otpornost endotela, izmenjena gustina i distribucija ACE receptora i infekcija citomegalovirusom). Novostečeno znanje tokom pandemije COVID19, potrebno je na najbolji mogući način iskorititi u cilju unapređenja neonatalne nege i lečenja, ne samo u odnosu na infekciju SARS COV 2, nego I za bolji pristup infekcijama uopšteno u neonatolanom periodu.

Reference

Kitano T, et al. The differential impact of pediatric COVID-19 between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of fatality and ICU admission in children worldwide. PLoS ONE. 2021;16:e0246326.

Kirmani, S. & Saleem, A. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric services at a referral centre in Pakistan: lessons from a low-income and middle-income country setting. Arch. Dis. Child. 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319424 (2020)

Duke T, English M, Carai S, Qazi S. Paediatric care in the time of COVID-19 in countries with under-resourced healthcare systems. Arch. Dis. Child. 2020;105:616–617.

Klingenberg, C. et al. International Neonatal COVID-19 Consortium. COVID-19 preparedness-a survey among neonatal care providers in low- and middle-income countries. J. Perinatol.988–997 (2021).

Roberton T, et al. Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study. Lancet Glob. Health. 2020;8:e901–e908.

Cyranoski D. Why children avoid the worst coronavirus complications might lie in their arteries. Nature. 2020;582:324–325.

Vousden, N. et al. The incidence, characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women hospitalized with symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK from March to September 2020: a national cohort study using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS). Preprint at medRxiv10.1101/2021.01.04.21249195 (2021).

Götzinger, F., Santiago-Garcia, B., Fumadó-Pérez, V., Brinkmann, F. & Tebruegge, M. ptbnet COVID-19 Study Group. The ability of the neonatal immune response to handle SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. , e6–e7 (2021)

Gale, C. et al. Characteristics and outcomes of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK: a prospective national cohort study using active surveillance. Lancet Child Adolesc. Health10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30342-4 (2020).

Pareek M, et al. Ethnicity and COVID-19: an urgent public health research priority. Lancet. 2020;395:1421–1422.

Saheb Sharif-Askari N, et al. Airways expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2, and TMPRSS2 is lower in children than adults and increases with smoking and COPD. Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev. 2020;18:1–6.

Soraya GV, Ulhaq ZS. Interleukin-6 levels in children developing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pediatr. Neonatol. 2020;61:253–254.

Lindan CE, et al. Neuroimaging manifestations in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multinational, multicentre collaborative study. Lancet Child Adolesc. Health. 2021;5:167–177.

Michelow, I. C., Oladokun, R. E., Torbunde, N. & Sam-Agudu, N. A. Things must not fall apart: the ripple effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children in sub-Saharan Africa. Pediatr. Res.10.1038/s41390-020-01174-y (2020).

Ashish KC, et al. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic response on intrapartum care, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality outcomes in Nepal: a prospective observational study. Lancet Glob. Health. 2020;8:e1273–e1281.

Olin A, et al. Stereotypic immune system development in newborn children. Cell. 2018;174:1277–1292.e14.

Dowling DJ, Levy O. Ontogeny of early life immunity. Trends Immunol. 2014;35:299–310.

Yuanyuan D, et al. Epidemiology of COVID-19 among children in China. Pediatrics. 2020;145:e20200702.

Pou C, et al. The repertoire of maternal anti-viral antibodies in human newborns. Nat. Med. 2019;25:591–596.

Fonseca W, Lukacs NW, Ptaschinski C. Factors affecting the immunity to respiratory syncytial virus: from epigenetics to microbiome. Front. Immunol. 2018;9:226.

Yoon HE, et al. Age-associated changes in the vascular renin-angiotensin system in mice. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev. 2016;2016:6731093.

South, A. M., Tomlinson, L., Edmonston, D., Hiremath, S. & Sparks, M. A. Controversies of renin–angiotensin system inhibition during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nat. Rev. Nephrol.10.1038/s41581-020-0279-4 (2020).

O’Hare FM, William Watson R, Molloy EJ. Toll-like receptors in neonatal sepsis. Acta Paediatr. 2013;102:572–578.

Levy, O. et al. The adenosine system selectively inhibits TLR-mediated TNF-alpha production in the human newborn. J. Immunol. : 1956–1966 (2006).

Chantry CJ, Howard CR, Auinger P. Full breastfeeding duration and associated decrease in respiratory tract infection in US children. Pediatrics. 2006;117:425–432.

Fox, A. et al. Evidence of a significant secretory-IgA-dominant SARS-CoV-2 immune response in human milk following recovery from COVID-19. medRxiv 20089995 10.1101/2020.05.04.20089995 (2020).

Kollmann TR, Kampmann B, Mazmanian SK, Marchant A, Levy O. Protecting the newborn and young infant from infectious diseases: lessons from immune ontogeny. Immunity. 2017;46:350–363.

Zimmermann, P. and Curtis, N. Why is COVID-19 less severe in children? A review of the proposed mechanisms underlying the age-related difference in severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Arch. Dis. Child. 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320338 (2020).

Walker KF, O’Donoghue K, Grace N. Maternal transmission of SARS-COV-2 to the neonate, and possible routes for such transmission: a systematic review and critical analysis. BJOG. 2020;127:1324–1336.

Carsetti R, et al. The immune system of children: the key to understanding SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility? Lancet Child Adolesc. Health. 2020;4:414–416.

Goenka, A. et al. Young infants exhibit robust functional antibody responses and restrained IFN-γ production to SARS-CoV-2. Cell Rep. Med. , 100327 (2021).

Godfred-Cato S, et al. COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children—United States, March–July 2020. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 2020;69:1074–1080.

Raschetti R, et al. Synthesis and systematic review of reported neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nat. Commun. 2020;11:5164.

Sankaran D, Nakra N, Cheema R, Blumberg D, Lakshminrusimha S. Perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and neonatal COVID-19: a 2021 update. Neoreviews. 2021;22:e284–e295.

Pawar R, et al. Neonatal multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-N) associated with prenatal maternal SARS-CoV-2: a case series. Children. 2021;8:572.

Horby P, et al. Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. N. Engl. J. Med. 2021;384:693–704.

##submission.downloads##

Objavljeno

03/29/2022

Broj časopisa

Sekcija

Review Articles