AKUTNI ENTEROKOLITIS KOD DECE - ASPEKTI ORALNE REHIDRACIJE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46793/PP180322007BKljučne reči:
enterokolitis, dehidracija, oralna rehidracija deceApstrakt
Akutni enterokolitis (AE) je najčešći problem u detinjstvu, posebno u prve tri godine života. Akutni enterokolitis definira se kao smanjenje konzistencije izmeta i/ili uvećane frekvencije sto-lice (≥ 3 za 24 sata) sa ili bez povećanom temeperaturom i povraćanjem. Učestalost dijareje je 0,5 do 2 epizode po detetu godišnje za decu mlađu od tri godine. Rota virus je najčešći entero-patogen sa najvećom čestoćom od januara do marta. Procena stepena dehidracije je ključan parametar u tretmanu akutne dijareje kod dece. Najbolji su tri individualni parametri za procenu dehidracije: produženo punjenje kapilare; abnormalni turgor kože; respiratorni simptomi. Generalno, dehidracija je glavni klinički pokazatelj težine bolesti. Aktivni tretman akutnoga en-terokolitisa sa probioticima uz dodatak oralne rehidratacione solucije (ORS) je preporuka Evro-pskog udruženja za pedijatrisku gastroenterohepatologiju i nutriciju (ESPGHAN). Preporučuju se probiotici Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) i Saccharomyces boulardii. Tretman AE treba za-početi kod kuće sa oralnim rehidraticionim solucijama.Preporučuje se rehidracija sa „ESPGHAN” hipotona osmolarna oralna solucija kod dece. Hospitalizacija je namenjena onoj deci koja zahtevaju intravenoznu rehidraciju u teškim slučajevima. Rano započeta rehidracija može prevenirati komplikacije i bolničke hospitalizacije. Redovna svakodnevna ishrana se ne prekida i treba se produžiti nakon inicijalnu rehidraciju. Prevenciju sa anti Rota virusnom vakci-nom primenjuje se u Evropi i očekuje se postupno smanjivanje težine bolesti AE i prevencija najteže forme bolesti kod dece.
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